Free Market Or Government Intervention - 1224 Words

Muhammad Zharfan Bin Azhari Human Systems Paper 2 April 16, 2015 Free Market or Government Intervention In the 21st century, human and technologies are inseparable. In past decades, there has been an astonishing amount of development in modern world’s technology. Nanotechnology is one of them. This technology is based on nano-scale and it can be used in many different areas because of its small sizes. (Metchis). However, there is a huge amount of uncertainties on the hazards of nanomaterial due to lack of research in this field in real world applications. There is a lot of things that need to be study on this technology. For this technology to be considered fully developed there is an immediate need for a balance between a free and unregulated market with some involvement from the government because both systems have its own strengths and weaknesses that will be discussed further. Free-market. This term has always been debated by economist for its pros and cons. In the free market, the buyer and the seller has freedom in doing their businesses. There will be no rule or any sort of regulations that been set by any authoritative body to intervene with their businesses. This type of situation is needed in the technology development business. Companies and firms can spread their wings and expand their research and development (RD) department without government intervention that could disturb their growth. Government organizations have always been associated with biasedShow MoreRelated Government Intervention in the Free Market Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pages It is not only unnecessary for the government to intervene to maintain a free market, it is extremely wrong. Intervention by any outside party in corporate matters is inappropriate and basically contradicts the meaning of a free market. There are some positive effects government intervention could produce. These pros are, in fact, few, and questionable, at that. Take for instance, the situation with Microsoft. The government is sticking its nose in where it doesnt belong. Lets try and get passedRead MoreFree Market Essay803 Words   |  4 Pages Free Market System in Belize According to the Investopedia, ‘a free market system is a market economy based on supply and demand with little or no government control. It is a completely free market in which buyers and sellers are allowed to transact freely based on a mutual agreement on price without Government intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies or regulation’. Therefore, the free market system is good for Belize. Belize positively benefitsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Corporations Versus The Market, Or Whip Conflation Now, By Roderick T. Long Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the article â€Å"Corporations versus the Market; or, Whip Conflation Now,† Roderick T. Long argues that, there is a misconception between both the defenders of the free market and the critics of libertarianism. To explain, those who believe in the misconception think that the libertarian society is aligned with the capitalism society. However, this misconception prevents them from observing how corporations pervert and twist a natural free market. Ultimately, he argues that there can only existRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Corporations Versus The Market, Or Whip Conflation Now, By Roderick T. Long1449 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article â€Å"Corporations versus the Market; or, Whip Conflation Now,† Roderick T. Long argues that, there is a misconception between both the defenders of the free market and the critics of libertarianism. To explain, those who believe in the misconception think that the libertarian society is aligned with the capitalist society. Howe ver, this misconception prevents them from observing how corporations pervert and twist a natural free market. Ultimately, he argues that there can only exist anRead MoreEssay on Battle of Ideas893 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains how the world first moved toward more government control and then began to move away for most of the 20th century. During this time two young economists emerge in hope to solve the world’s economic troubles, John Meynard Keynes and Friederich Von Hayek. The story then focuses on the struggles that occur between the ideas of the two economists. Keynes, whose ideas on government intervention dominated much of the 20th century, and Hayek, whose free-market ideas were largely ignored until the economicRead MoreMilton Friedman s Capitalism And Freedom Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesincompatible with democracy (8). Thus, he advocates for a capitalistic society in the United States. Friedman provides many reasons to support his claim, but his main is that coercion is â€Å"the fundamental threat to freedom† (15). He holds that excessive government regulation infringes on the rights of individuals to enter economically-beneficial agreements with others and, thus, reduces the voluntary coordination among the population. This is of paramount importance as â€Å"coordination is needed to take fullRead MoreThe State Hampering Of A Capitalist Economy Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pageswas against state intervention and believed in the neoliberalist movement, which meant that firms would are able to privatize their businesses and still trade in free markets. Hayek identifies that capital theory â€Å"was an area where he found that the coordinating processes of the market were underappreciated† and that the â€Å"evolved institutions and market competition as irreplaceable means for social coordination† (White, 1999, pg. 753-4). Despite Hayek’s claims of state intervention, it has been provedRead MoreGovernmen t Intervention And Its Effect On Foreign Markets Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision to expand into foreign markets, careful considerations must be given to some keys factors such as the political and economic environment, costs, benefits and risks. The economic environment can alter from one country to another, this is why they are often divided into three different categories. The more developed, the less developed and the emerging economies. In addition to the level of development of the economy, countries are often classified as free market, where business activities areRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on the US Economy: The Development of Nanotechnology1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe free market mechanism or government intervention and promotion (industrial policy) works to effectively manage technological development. John F. Sargent, specialist in science and technology policy, comments that Libertarians, free market advocates, believe that limited government intervention allows the market to flourish with promising opportunities and become more efficient in managing the nanotechnology sector (Sargent, 21). On the other hand, some economists believe that government interventionRead MoreThe Role Of Government And Foreign Trade Policies Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe role that Government should play in trade policy has been long debated over the years and is constantly changing to keep up with the needs and wants of a country. International trade policies are vital to any countries prosperity, and more specifically the economic development. Trade Policy is a set of rules and guidelines that determine how a country acts towards another in regards to trade and global business whether it be through free-trade or protectionism. The Governments role in trade policies

Feminist Criticism Of Bridesmaids - 1618 Words

The film is lead by Kristen Wiig, who plays Annie, a broke and lovelorn, soon-to-be maid of honor, who attempts to mend her low self-esteem through sex with a hot, rich conceited narcissist. The bride, played by Maya Rudolph, who’s new beautiful, perfect friend, Helen, played by Rose Byrne, is threatening to take Annie’s place as the bride’s BFF. The supporting cast includes Melissa McCarthy, who plays Megan, the butch sister of the groom, adding to the array of humor throughout the film. The film is set up with long gags, like the speech-off between Annie and Helen at the wedding shower and Annie’s intoxicated airplane fiasco in the attempt for a bachelorette weekend in Vegas. All of which add to the hysterical comedy of the film, while†¦show more content†¦These narratives are embedded in the films plot, which is set in a traditionally acceptable feminine theme of wedding planning, featuring a protagonist whose career ambition is also acceptably womanly, a baker, and pits two conniving women against each other in competition for another women’s friendship (Smalls). Along these imperfections, the women onscreen come to reject the possibility of a male gaze by deviating from the passive object of male desire, to the active subject of female agency. This transition is supported by the fact that the script was written by two females, Wiig and Annie Mumolo, which serves to empower women because it gives women a voice in a field that has historically denied them (Buckley 14). The film continues to reject notions of patriarchy through the use of language by featuring women who candidly complain about sex, children, and men, but above all celebrates the value of women’s friendship. These rhetorical elements are symbols of female desire that provide the reversal device to disrupt the male gaze that society standardly embraces (Buckley 11). Because Bridesmaids attention has stemmed from its portrayal of females in come dy, a genre generally reserved for men, this device also rejects that patriarchal discourse that typically dominatesShow MoreRelatedMy Friends Begged Me At The New Comedy Central Show2929 Words   |  12 Pagesapproaches to criticism we have learned throughout this course, I found it most intriguing and relevant to relate it to the feminist perspective. Brummett defines the feminist critique as â€Å"a wide ranging group of approaches to rhetorical criticism, and begins with the assumption that there is gender inequality between men and women, particularly in todays industrialized economies, and thus power differentials† (Brummett 2015). As we have learned throughout this course, the feminist critique intends

Courage to Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

Courage can have deferent definitions depending on the type of person. It can be standing up for what you believe In, even If others dont agree, it can be standing up to something no one else will, or carrying on with something that can hurt you. Courage can be shown by my mother, a friend from elementary school, and Attics. In the dictionary, courage has two different definitions, but for many people, courage stretches above and beyond just a definition.The first is the ability to do something that frightens one and the second one is strength in the face of pain or reef. These are both correct, but for people it can also be someone they admire. For me, this person would be my mother. Even when the going gets hard, she pushes through and doesnt give up. She does the right thing, even if it hurts her. We will write a custom essay sample on Courage: to Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember her saying to me Do the right thing, even if no one is watching. Do it even if it hurts you, even if others dont agree. When my mother stated this, I admired her because she seemed brave and strong willed. I remember when I was In 1st grade; I went too new elementary school. Almost everyone that was In my class had been going to that school since pre-gladdener ND had broken off Into little groups wealth the class. I TLD talk much and nobody made an approach to talk to me first. It was Like that for a couple of days but then somebody took the initiative and talked to me. She introduced me to other groups and slowly, I started making friends.She was brave because although everyone else made the decision to ignore me, she took a stand and started talking to me. This was courageous because she did what others did not want to do and went against the flow. In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, there were many scenes of courage from all efferent characters, but one character that stood out for his act of courage was Attics. Attics was a character in the book and he played a father to the narrator, Scout, but more importantly, a defense attorney for Tom Robinson, an innocent black man that was accused of rape.Back then, when this event happened, colored men and white men were treated differently. Colored men were treated as If they were lower than white men, but Attics saw through this. Attics saw Robinson as a human being with rights and chose to protect him in this case. Attics knew that defending Robinson would bring him hatred and disdain from the eyes of the other people that lived in Macomb. Even Attics own family turned against him and said hateful words, but Attics was strong in his resolve and didnt give up in this case.Attics said, l wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. (112) John Wayne once said Courage is being scared to death. .. But saddling up anyways. This quote says that courage is going through with something and facing your fears even If you re scared of It. Courage Is shown by people on a dally basis, and it takes strength and perseverance to show courage.Courage can have different definitions depending on the type of person. It can be standing up for what you believe in, even if others dont agree, it can be courage stretches above and beyond Just a definition. The first is the ability to do if it hurts you, even if others dont agree. When my mother stated this, I admired her I remember when I was in 1st grade; I went to a new elementary school. Almost everyone that was in my class had been going to that school since pre-kindergarten ND had broken off into little groups within the class.I didnt talk much and nobody made an approach to talk to me first. It was like that for a couple of days but then and white men were treated differently. Colored men were treated as if they were hateful words, but Attics was strong in his resolve and didnt give up in this case. Once said Courage is being scared to death. .. But saddling up anyway;says. This quote says that courage is going through with something and facing your fears even if you are scared of it. Courage to Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample True Courage Courage can have different definitions depending on the type of person. It can be standing up for what you believe in, even if others don’t agree, it can be standing up to something no one else will, or carrying on with something that can hurt you. Courage can be shown by my mother, a friend from elementary school, and Atticus. In the dictionary, courage has two different definitions, but for many people, courage stretches above and beyond just a definition. The first is the ability to do something that frightens one and the second one is strength in the face of pain or grief. These are both correct, but for people it can also be someone they admire. For me, this person would be my mother. Even when the going gets hard, she pushes through and doesn’t give up. She does the right thing, even if it hurts her. We will write a custom essay sample on Courage: to Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember her saying to me â€Å"Do the right thing, even if no one is watching. Do it even if it hurts you, even if others don’t agree. When my mother stated this, I admired her because she seemed brave and strong willed. I remember when I was in 1st grade; I went to a new elementary school. Almost everyone that was in my class had been going to that school since pre-kindergarten and had broken off into little groups within the class. I didn’t talk much and nobody made an approach to talk to me first. It was like that for a couple of days but then somebody took the initiative and talked to me. She introduced me to other groups and slowly, I started making friends. She was brave because although everyone else made the decision to ignore me, she took a stand and started talking to me. This was courageous because she did what others did not want to do and went against the flow. In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, there were many scenes of courage from all different characters, but one character that stood out for his act of courage was Atticus. Atticus was a character in the book and he played a father to the narrator, Scout, but more importantly, a defense attorney for Tom Robinson, an innocent black man that was accused of rape. Back then, when this event happened, colored men and white men were treated differently. Colored men were treated as if they were lower than white men, but Atticus saw through this. Atticus saw Robinson as a human being with rights and chose to protect him in this case. Atticus knew that defending Robinson would bring him hatred and disdain from the eyes of the other people that lived in Maycomb. Even Atticus’s own family turned against him and said hateful words, but Atticus was strong in his resolve and didn’t give up in this case. Atticus said, â€Å"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. † (112) John Wayne once said â€Å"Courage is being scared to death†¦ but saddling up anyways. † This quote says that courage is going through with something and facing your fears even if you are scared of it. Courage is shown by people on a daily basis, and it takes strength and perseverance to show courage.

Six Stages of Communication Process free essay sample

To establish yourself as an effective communicator, you must first establish credibility. †¢In the business arena, this involves displaying knowledge of the subject, the audience and the context in which the message is delivered. Stage 2: Message †¢Written, oral, and non-verbal communications are affected by the sender’s tone, method of organization, validity of the argument, what is communicated and what is left out, as well as your individual style of communicating Stage 2: Message Messages also have intellectual and emotional components, with intellect allowing us the ability to reason and emotion allowing us to present motivational appeals, ultimately changing minds and actions. Stage 3: Channel †¢Messages are conveyed through channels †¢These messages are delivered to an audience. No doubt, you have in mind the actions or reactions you hope your message prompts from this audience. †¢Keep in mind, your audience also enters into the communication process with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message and their response. We will write a custom essay sample on Six Stages of Communication Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Stage Four: Receiver †¢To be a successful communicator, you should consider these before delivering your message, acting appropriately. Stage Five: Feedback †¢Your audience will provide you with feedback: –Verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated message. Pay close attention to this feedback, as it is crucial to ensuring the audience understood your message. Stage Six: Content †¢The situation in which your message is delivered is the context. †¢This may include the surrounding environment or broader culture –corporate culture –international cultures To deliver your messages effectively, you must commit to breaking down the barriers that exist in each of these six stages of the communication process. We will learn about these â€Å"Communication Barriers† in Week Two.

Clapham common an underground tube station Essays

Clapham common an underground tube station Essays Clapham common an underground tube station Essay Clapham common an underground tube station Essay Clapham Common Clapham Common is an belowground tubing station on the Northern Line. The station lies between Clapham North and Clapham south. It is Travelcard Zone 2. Clapham Common was opened in 1900 as the new southern end point of the metropolis. The station is one of the two staying Stationss that have island platform in tunnel functioning both the northbound and southbound line. It is besides one of the eight resistance Stationss which have a deep-level air-raid shelter underneath it. Visitors normally come here to see the Clapham Common, a broad park that is a oasis for visitants in hot summer months. It is one of the biggest Parkss in London. Visitors can easy pass a Day in the park, many eating houses and saloons lace the park. The common contains 3 pools and a modern paddling pool known as prick pool. Clapham Common Tube Station and Clapham South tubing station are on the border of the portion as its easternmost and southernmost points. A memorial tree was planted in 2007 in memory of histrion Jeremy Brett who lived locally for many old ages until his decease in 1995. Top Rated Hotels near Clapham Common Tube Station: The Brewers Inn: Situated 0.46 kilometers off from Clapham Common station and in the centre of Wandsworth. Young s Pub within the hotel serves great beer and tasty nutrient. It is convenient to Chelsea, Putney, Wimbledon and Richmond. Suites have air-conditioning, Free Wi-Fi entree, a level screen Television and Tea/Coffee. Few suites are furnished with Sofa Beds. The Maroc room is available for private maps and caters to upto 40 invitees. Hotel available for private hire. Monetary values start at 75 lbs a dark. Holiday Inn Express: Situated 0.63 kilometers off from Clapham Common station and merely 200 metres off from Wandsworth Town Railway. The hotel offers air-conditioned suites with satellite Television, Telephones, tea/coffee installations and power shower. Children can remain free if sharing room with parents. Wi-Fi entree will be extra charged. Continental Buffet Breakfast is included in the Room charges. The hotel besides has 2 meeting suites and is equipped with OHP, TV/Video, Screen, fin, Stationary kit and Telephones. These are included in the suites hire charges. Monetary values start from 99 lbs a dark. Hotel Rafayel: This 5 star hotel is Situated 1.06 kilometers off from Clapham Common Station. This hotel has a Spa, a fittingness studio, an exercising pool and free Wi-Fi. Leisure installations include a Sauna, steam room, library and a bakeshop. Hotel Rafayel has a riverbank eating house and roof garden on the seventeenth Floor. Monetary values start at 85 lbs a dark. Jurys Inn Chelsea: 1.47kms off from Clapham Common station and stopping point to the Bankss of River Thames. The hotel offers bright and broad suites with air-conditioning, satellite Television and power showers. The hotel is Close to Chelsea, Fulham football land, Kensington castle, the natural history museum, Victoria and Albert museum and the royal concert hall. The hotel besides features a eating house Innfusion, Inntro Bar and a Barista. Monetary values start at 92 lbs a dark. Wyndham Grand: 1.62 kilometers off from the Clapham Common Station Wyndham Grand is a 5 Star hotel overlooking the Chelsea seaport. The hotel is 500 metres from the King s Road, 900 metres off from Chelsea Football Club and 300 metres from the Imperial Wharf Rail Station. Many suites have positions of City s skyline and the River Thames. Rooms besides have Cable Television s and mini bars. Aquasia Bar A ; restaurant serves modern European Cuisine. Health Club has a heated pool, gym, steam room and intervention room. Monetary values Start at 180 lbs a dark. Best Western Lodge Hotel: Situated 1.82 kilometer from the Clapham Common Station and 1 proceedingss walk from the Putney Tube Station. Wimbledon is merely 5 proceedingss off. The hotel has a new Bar 52 and Lounge. All suites have LCD telecastings, Free Wi-Fi Access. Breakfast can be enjoyed in the eating house overlooking the hotel garden. Virgin Active Health Club in Putney can be used by invitees at a particular rate. The hotel besides has 3 modern, air-conditioned conference suites. Monetary values start at 89 lbs a dark. The Windmill on the common: Situated in the bosom of Clapham Common. All suites have Plasma Television s with satellite channels ; Full English breakfast is included in the room monetary value. There is an outside saloon during the summer months. The hotel is 2.39 kilometer off from the Clapham Common and monetary values start at 95 lbs a dark. There are many celebrated Pubs and Bars around Clapham Common like @ Battersea, Adventure Bar A ; Lounge, All Bar One, Artisan A ; Vine, Babel, Bar Social, Barrio, Battersea Labour Club, and Be at One. Ace Fusion, Akash Tandoori, Antipasto A ; Pasta, Banana Leaf Canteen, Bangkok Bay, Bangkok Boulevard, Basilico, Battersea Spice and Battersea Tandoori Restaurant are few of the celebrated eating houses which provide quality nutrient. About Clapham: Clapham dates back to Anglo-Saxon times and appears in the Doomsday book as Clopeham. Clapham attracts a big figure of Visitors who are chiefly here to see the Clapham Common or for Business intents. Other attractive forces which are worth seeing are All Nations Church: A Baptist denomination Church near the Clapham Park. Arding and Hobbs: Department Store edifice famed to be one of the Largest shopping centres out of London Balham Leisure Center: A Public Sport Facility Balham Seventh Day Adventist Church Church of the sanctum spirit Clapham Clock Tower: Dates back to the twentieth Century. Clapham Grand: A Victorian music hall theater. Clapham High Street: A shopping hub Clapham Old Town Clapham Picture house: A celebrated independent Film Clapham Public Tennis Courts Clapham War Memorial: Wages tribute to many immature work forces that gave their lives during the 2 great wars in the twentieth Century. Heathbrook Park Holy Trinity Church Parsons Corner Green Soseki Museum: It is dedicated to the acclaimed Nipponese novelist Natsume Soseki. Rapid climb In: A non-profit gallery dedicated to the art of Photography.

Quotes That Will Help You Understand Yourself Better

Quotes That Will Help You Understand Yourself Better When asked to describe yourself, you will most probably list your achievements, qualifications, work experience, and designation. To make your profile sound complete, you may even throw in a hobby for good measure. But are these the things that really make up who you are?  The toughest questions to answer are the ones about you. Who am I? What do I know about myself? When you begin to reflect ponder on these questions, you will find yourself squirming uncomfortably. Probe a little deeper and you will find that your name, race, gender, and other personal details are merely tags. To know yourself, look beyond superficial embellishments. It does not matter whether you are a Nobel Prize winner or not. Rediscover yourself through these quotes, perfect for self-reflection.   Muhammad AliIts lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believed in myself. Oscar WildePerhaps, after all, America never has been discovered. I myself would say that it had merely been detected. Mark TwainI dont like to commit myself about heaven and hell you see, I have friends in both places. Mark TwainAs an example to others, and not that I care for moderation myself, it has always been my rule never to smoke when asleep, and never to refrain from smoking when awake. Marilyn MonroeI have feelings too. I am still human. All I want is to be loved, for myself and for my talent. Marilyn MonroeI restore myself when Im alone. Maya AngelouI long, as does every human being, to be at home wherever I find myself. Thomas JeffersonI do not take a single newspaper, nor read one a month, and I feel myself infinitely the happier for it. David AllenYou can do anything, but not everything. Lin-ChiWhen hungry, eat your rice; when tired, close your eyes. Fools may laugh at me, but wise men will know what I mean. John WilmotBefore I got married I had six theories about bringing up children; now I have six children and no theories. Jean RostandMy pessimism extends to the point of even suspecting the sincerity of the pessimists. Lily TomlinSometimes I worry about being a success in a mediocre world. Richard LewisI quit therapy because my analyst was trying to help me behind my back. Clarence DarrowWhen I was a boy I was told that anybody could become President. Now I’m beginning to believe it. Cullen HightowerLaughing at our mistakes can lengthen our own life. Laughing at someone else’s can shorten it. Cyril ConnollyThere are many who dare not kill themselves for fear of what the neighbors will say. Albert EinsteinThe person who reads too much and uses his brain too little will fall into lazy habits of thinking. Andre GideBelieve those who are seeking the truth. Doubt those who find it. Aryeh FrimerI’d rather live with a good question than a bad answer. Bill VaughanWe lear n something every day, and lots of times it’s that what we learned the day before was wrong. Cale YarboroughDon’t ever wrestle with a pig. You’ll both get dirty, but the pig will enjoy it. Christopher HamptonAsking a working writer what he thinks about critics is like asking a lamppost how it feels about dogs. Cyril ConnollyBetter to write for yourself and have no public, than to write for the public and have no self. Dame Edna EverageNever be afraid to laugh at yourself, after all, you could be missing out on the joke of the century. Edith SitwellI am patient with stupidity but not with those who are proud of it. Gordon R. DicksonSome people like my advice so much that they frame it upon the wall instead of using it. Lily TomlinThe trouble with the rat race is that even if you win, you’re still a rat. NapoleonNever ascribe to malice, that which can be explained by incompetence.Thomas Szasz When a person can no longer laugh at himself, it is time for others to laugh at him.

Assessing Brilliance in Innovation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessing Brilliance in Innovation - Case Study Example It would be within the next year that Enron would begin to go through some major financial difficulties. It will be argued here that the basic tenets of a successful company require three key aspects: profit; sustainability of innovation; and good leadership. First, one should begin with a short history of Enron. In the case of the Houston-based Enron Corporation, a multi-billion dollar institution encountered a crisis situation. The denial of top corporate executives Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling led to Enron making excuses such as blaming Arthur Andersen, its accounting firm, for its failure. An integral part of understanding Enron's demise comes from learning a little bit about the company and how it grew over the years to its existing status. Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth, in July 1985, to form the Enron Corporation. Over the next fifteen years, Enron expanded rapidly, establishing many new businesses worldwide. The first sign of an innovative corporation is that it shows a profit. In about fifteen years, Enron grew from nothing to being America's seventh largest company. Enron employed over 21,000 individuals in more than forty countries. Enron's executives transformed this company, without actually building a company that made significant business profits. By doing this, Enron executives could exaggerate the company's cash flow. To create these profits, Enron's executives also used many accounting procedures that seemed to confuse watchdogs-and, to make themselves look better, they blindsided everyone who thought that Enron was on top of the world, by creating hundreds of fake companies. To prevent anyone from seeing any loss from Enron, they would transfer their debt to the fake companies. By doing this, Enron's debt would seem a lot smaller than they actually were. Like many large companies, Enron had its good and its bad side. In 2002 Enron's bad side was exposed to the nation. So the question is raised, what did Enron make' Enron didn't really make anything. Enron acted as the "middleman" in large natural gas and electricity deals. Enron always admitted it was hard to define their "business" in one sentence, but they finally came up with an explanation that they make commodity markets so that they could deliver physical commodities to their customers at a predictable price. Enron seemed to have trapped employees that worked with the company. The employees were forced to put their pension money into the Enron stock, which was overvalued. The employees at Enron were just doing their jobs, and in fact should not be held to blame. "Such high turnover [at the top of corporations such as Enron] suggests that the real problem isn't a lack of innovation-it's sustained innovation."1 Although many of the future business people attend curriculums that require business law classes, the Enron scandal has proven that corporate corruption is alive and well. Also, the company proved that it could not sustain its innovation over time, because its biggest innovation, mark-to-marketing accounting, was a fraudulent innovation. It was brilliant, in the sense that profits could be estimated and then banked upon, but it was also an illegal practice to put profits on the books that were not truly there. In addition, Enron

Pollution of the worlds oceans and the impact on sea life Term Paper

Pollution of the worlds oceans and the impact on sea life - Term Paper Example Overuse of marine resources is based on the growing population at the coast which makes the situation worse and is the main reason for the population problem that has hit marine and marine life (Hofer, 2008). There are various marine pollutants such as sewage and other wastes that are released into the oceans yet there is no facility to counter these. This does not only put at risk marine life but also human and wildlife. Tourism is also affected in the situation thus, low incomes. The pollution could be chemical, physical or biological mainly caused by human activities. Developing industries are also a big involvement in the situation that has proved to be devastating. In some parts, knowledge of the marine life is limited therefore; they do not realize the dangers that are posed. The harm cause to marine ecosystems is an indirect or direct cause of human activity (Xhelilaj, 2010). When some nutrients are introduced in marines, they cause diseases that affect species all over the ec osystem. For some organisms, these are some of the factors that accelerate their growth. These pollutants then affect marine habitats adversely so that marine life is in danger. Some of these nutrients interrupt food chains within the ecosystems causing adverse danger to marine life. Construction of marines leads to the destruction of habitual life that is very important to marine life. This destruction then causes depopulation of fish in the ocean. Overfishing worsens the situation everyday. When power plants affect the temperature in oceans because of the heat produced in the process. This makes these area affected inhospitable and unfit for the marine environment. The species that are evolved there are then in danger because, they cannot survive in such an environment. Targeting particular species is also an environmental problem that leads to decreasing of the population in the marines. Many chemicals end up in the destruction of marine life. They are taken up by planktons and b enthos which are animals that are feeders within the ocean. This therefore destructs the life in these environments. This means that food chains will be interrupted. These chemicals introduce toxins to the marine life thus posing a danger through the feeding system. Pesticides also become quickly incorporated into food that is taken by marine life. This slowly poisons these animals because, these chemicals are slowly absorbed into the food webs within which they feed. Once in the food, they can cause mutations or even diseases that are dangerous to marine life. This is harmful to human life as well as to marine life thus affecting the whole food web. Toxic metals also introduced can cause biochemistry, unknown change to tissue matter or even affect the reproduction of these animals. Ships are also a source of pollution in marine life. This comes along when they spill oil in oceans thus causing devastating effects. They are toxic to, marine life and the effect could last a long perio d because, oils like crude oil are hard to clean (Katsioloudis, 2010). This means that the oil will last in the ocean for quite some time. Oil is also dark and opaque therefore, oil is blocks plants from sunlight. This denies them the ability to synthesize through population. Thick oil also sticks to some parts of sea animals thus making it difficult for them to perform some function. Sea birds are the most affected because, oil sticks to their wings which makes it

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a popular novel published in 1886. this book related to many of the Victorian readers. During the Victorian period people lived two lives one side is the almost stiff powerful dull society with more concern of their reputation. However when they were in the comfort of their own homes, emotions which are ceased to be seen and bottled up in public are relieved by drinking alcohol, smoking socializing with friends and intimacy with a partner. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was a successful horror novel of the time, one reason for this is Charles Darwins theory of evolution. Most Victorians rejected the theory as it questioned their faith and powerful race. His theory raised a few eye brows and put many people on edge scaring them at just the thought of evolving from apes and even re-evolving back. Stevenson uses this public fear to shock and scare his audience with horror novel. Gothic horror was every popular around this time and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde included many gothic horror features. Some of these features are ; mystery, Gothic architecture, death, decay and secrets. All these create fear tension and a good horror novel. A old dark dangerous London is a good setting for fear and action. Londons scenery was full of medieval and run down neglected buildings. During the day Londons streets are usually busy and booming with business although this novels settings is mainly set during the night early hours of the cold winters morning. back in these days streets were dark and the mortality rates were high. During the day the rough streets are shadowed by aged blistered and distained buildings, but in the dead of night these are hidden as there is nothing to be seen but lamps this creates fear and mystery not knowing what lurks behind the thick wall of darkness. During the bitterly cold nights what is normally full of people the streets are as empty as a church this emphasizes the silence and eeriness of the lamp lit streets, this also relates to gothic architecture. In typical gothic novels the weather is always dark and gloomy. London is already a dark dangerous city but to add to this its now draped in fog and with permanent bad weather to form a sinister London landscape. One street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighborhood. The street was a pleasant and well kept, however one building was quite the contrary, a certain sinister block of building thrust forward this suggests that the discolored blistered and distained building stuck out like a saw thumb. A main theme of the novel is opposites the contrast between nice and ugly. On the face of the building theres a door which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, blistered and distained which seemed some what of a mystery. For many years this decayed building has been neglected its clear no one has lived there for years. The only company and treatment it receives is the tramps slouched in the recess striking matches on the panels, this is just another reason why people scurry past the square. The building is mystery to everyone local to the area the windows are always shut. Gothic horror novels use mystery and secrets to create fear and tension, this is a affective because the reader starts to imagine what the secret could be. They are often wrong but by picturing it, the human mind often over exaggerates what it could be maybe the readers personal fear. Stevenson does not reveal the secret until the end of the story however he drops in hints and clues so its kind of like a detective investigation. Hydes physical appearance is not disclosed for the first few chapters instead his descriptions are based on how he made other characters feel. This allows the reader to picture Hyde how they think of him, like always the readers imagination is far worse which makes the story interesting. In case of Dr Jekylls disappearance or unexplained absence for any period exceeding three calendar months. The said Edward Hyde should step into the said Henry Jekylls shoes with out further delay, there are two mysteries in this quotation, one being at this point Mr Utterson knows nothing about this Hyde character and has seen him a few time but only remembers him for brutally crushing a little girl. Both the reader and Mr Utterson are confused to why Jekylls will includes this stranger. The second mystery in this quotation is the strange unexplained disappearance of Jekyll, why would such high member of society ceased to exist? And what had caused Dr Jekyll to do this? Hyde is suspected to be linked in with Jekylls peculiar behavior, his barbaric looks and attitude have already gained him a bad name. that sawbones turned sick and white with the desire to kill him. This was a doctors view on Hyde, for a doctor to remark some one in Victorian times like that is a worrying thing as they saw gruesome things on a daily basis. In the opening few chapters Stevenson reframes from describing Hyde, he uses various characters reactions to portray Hydes repulsiveness. He was twice described as deformed He must deformed somewhere, he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point. In Victorian times deformed people were pushed to the boundaries of society showcased for public entertainment as employment in the work place was difficult for them. But no-one dared put Hyde in his place, he was indescribable however when he was described .. the man seems hardly human.. .. Satans signature on his face.. this states his pure evil animal look about him. Hyde run down a helpless little girl with no remorse, Mr Enfield described this most unbelievable event to Mr Utterson, for the man trampled calmly over the childs body and left her screaming on the ground. it was hellish to see it wasnt a man; it was like some dammed juggernaut. Like hes some unstoppable force. Hes seen as hardly human. One of the Victorians greatest fears of the time was evolution Stevenson links Hydes primitive appearance and actions to this. The novel played one peoples fears and maybe opened their eyes to what could possibly happen. Violence can add an element of surprise, this tension could shock and thrill the reader. In a good horror story the reader is unaware who is to be hurt next, this creates fear and mystery. To create more fear the writer builds up to something where the reader is sure some thing is going to happen however it only builds up to a anticlimax, there are usually a few anticlimaxes before a brutal killing. It is possible for the reader to put them selves in the position of the victim, no-one wants to die an horrific death this can make the reader feel sorry for the victim, this can be most affective when the incident reflects a real life circumstance. Mr Hyde broke out of all bounds, and clubbed him to the earth. And the next moment with and ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim underfoot, and hailing down a storm of blows, this shows the true capabilities of Hydes animalistic nature. Ape-like fury relates back to evolution and how his behavior is no better than a ape, with a sudden burst of outrage Hyde beat a well respected old man to death with no emotion accept anger. Hyde is depicted as creature of great evil although we learn of only two of his crimes. Its the nature of both which highlights the violence against two innocent victims. The first violent act was against the small child and a the second a much beloved old man. These attacks were on both harmless beings which emphasize the extreme immortality of Jekylls darker side. Stevenson has created a tremendous amount of fear using the theme of duality, secrets, Darwins theory, and general gothic features. These would be less affective for todays audience. This is mainly because we have now accepted the theory of evolution and the possibility of having to sides to us. This will remain a well respected novel and if it was to be updated the idea of duality would have to be changed a little. The change between the two sides of a person would be random and the person would also not be able to manipulate the change, the character would also have memory loss each time he/she changes.

My Father and I :: essays research papers

Actually, all members of my family have the same important influence to my life. Each of them has a different way in making me be a grown-up girl like now. But since I was a little girl, the one who is close to me the most is my father. I am always proud of my father and our relationship. People often get jealous of our closeness, even my mother. I remember when I got the scholarship from one of the computer and internet courses in my city; it is an informal education institution, which obliged me to attend the class at night, whereas I go to school from morning till afternoon. He tried to warn me that it could be tiring for me, let alone, the place is quite far from my house. But at that time, seeing me really eager for that chance, he allowed me. Every night, he took me there and home without complaining although I realized he might be warn out after working all day. One night, he should attend a kind of meeting in the Church Organization. Actually, he was too tired to go. But when my mother said that God may bless me for my father’s kindness, he went. Since then, I swear to make my parents proud of me as their daughter. My father always supports his children in every good thing they interest in. He also did when I told him about my willing to study in Singapore. Although he seemed to be calm, I was sure he should be very surprised about that, because it will need much money. We both know he will hardly afford it for me. That is why I really attempt to get the scholarship. Getting that kind of rare faith as my father has on us, I always and will always do my best effort in everything he supports me in. Analyzing my own abilities and interests, I think Business is the most suitable subject for me.

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay

The Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership (Also known as LMX, LMET or Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory) is a type of leadership theory that focuses on the dyadic relationship between leader and follower where the leader treats individual followers differently, resulting in two groups of followers—an in-group and an out-group. The in-group consists of a small number of trusted followers with whom the leader usually establishes a special higher quality exchange relationship. The out-group includes the followers with whom the relationship of the leader remains more formal. It focuses on increasing organizational success by creating positive relations between the leader and subordinate (follower). The theory asserts that leaders do not interact with subordinates uniformly. ‘In-group’ followers perform their jobs in accordance with the employment contracts and can be counted on by the supervisor to perform unstructured tasks, to volunteer for extra work, and to take on additional responsibilities. Supervisors exchange personal and positional resources (inside information, influence in decision making, task assignment, job latitude, support, and attention) in return for subordinates’ performance on unstructured tasks. High LMX relationship achieves increased mutual trust, confidence, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, common bonds, open communication, independence respect, rewards & recognition and hence benefits both the organisation and the employee. Recognizing the existence of the in-group and out-group, could be discriminating against the out-group thus affecting employee turnover based on bad-quality LMX and job dissatisfaction. This is because members of ‘out-group’ Example of an organization that has successfully used this theory is ‘E-Myth Worldwide’

Intercultural communication and power distance Essay

Power is believed to be the capacity of individual to exercise control over other people and resources. Power is a tool that has both positive and negative outcomes depending on how it is applied (Visagie, 2006). The ability to exercise power derives from various sources ranging from economic, political and social dimensions. For instance in many nations varying economic status determine who gets what and when. A sociologist such as Karl Marx in his conflict perspective outlines how power relationships continue to heighten the wrangle between societal classes. There are various types of power ranging from political, cultural and economic. Sources of power Social factors such the norms, values and believes in a society determine control over resources.in most societies men are given priorities to women in matters pertaining leadership. The girl child for example has been undermined in most societies (Castells, 2007). Power is left in the hand of men with women even looking down at themselves. People continue to conform to these values even in the current period. Economics status also dictates power in many societies .according to the conflict approach power in any society is determined by social class. Every society is characterized by three classes of individuals; the rich, the middle class and the poor. The rich are the owners of capital while the middle- class and the poor own little or nothing. The owners of capital employ the poor in their firms for wages and salaries (Bachrach, & Baratz, 2002). The owners of capital fear that the poor might overthrow them from power to get back their resources.it is inherent that the capitalists will continues to exploit the poor. Karl Marx proposes a transition from capitalism to socialism and later Political factors also signify a power source. The leaders exercise control over the natives, a lot of resistance is expected from the leaders as they try to cover their status quo.Political power can be acquired in various ways for instance through coercion, voting among others. Politicians are well known to use their convincing strategies to obtain power and Culture is also a source of power in some societies. Various cultural practices symbolize a source of power. In some societies for instance the women are discriminated against men in leadership positions. Some societies have strong believes that leadership is only meant for men and that women should remain subordinate. In many societies being led by women is a taboo and any woman who stands to firm to seek power may end being excommunicated in the society. The concept of power distance Power distance refers to the way in which power is shared and the degree with which the less powerful admit that power is unevenly distributed. Whilst countries such as Australia are at low power distance, Asian countries such as Saudi Arabia are at the highest power distance. Individuals in high power distance are believed to assume that power and responsibility are life facts .this essay focuses at exploring how the high power distance in Saudi Arabia challenges conflicts between leaders and subordinates. In states having high power distance those who are not powerful take power relations that are more monocratic. The inferior appreciate the authority of others easily based on where they are situated in certain formal standards. Higher power distance countries believe that inequality is good, everyone has his or her own place, people should depend on their leader, and that the powerful should not hide their power and are entitled to many privileges. For instance, even if one was to want to be promoted in their current positions, it will be inappropriate to ask their employer for such promotion. If the employer wanted to give their employee a promotion, they would, and the employee has absolutely not affectionate to the issue. Power distance in Saudi Arabia Studies claim that Saudi Arabia experiences the highest power distance in the world. Various reasons explain this power distance, the main one being religion for instance if one is not a Muslim the law requires that he cannot be permitted to enter the country without an invitation or even leave without a permit. Visitors are expected to adhere to same laws as Saudis. The Islamic conviction widens this power difference and promotes that those in leadership position should remain. Moreover psychological and sociological reasons fuel the higher power distance. Social values and norms are passed from parent to children through the process of socialization. For instance Saudi Arabians advocate that obeying the mighty and supporting the leadership is of much importance (In Hopkins & In Ibrahim, 1997). This calls for following of orders without questioning where any disagreement with the leader’s decision is regarded as rebellion. The Saudis have been all through internalizing this power distance as their cultural practice. Following the high power distance in Saudi Arabia a lot of inequalities have continuously manifested with the most prominent being uneven distribution of wealth. Saudi Arabia also is highly ranked in terms of purchasing power differential. The gap between the purchasing power of the rich and the poor is quite wide (Al-Saud, 2003). This clearly shows that the income is unevenly spread within the society. The power distance also influences laws and regulations owing to the inadequate authority the regime has in Saudi Arabia (In Hopkins & In Ibrahim, 1997). The natives have a strong notion that mighty will dissociate themselves from the group but this is not challenged by the population. The power distance also affects contractual relationships. Reidenbach and Robins (1988) explores how variances on two of hofstede’s national culture dimensions, collectivism and power distance are articulated to the way firms make ethical decisions. Power Distance in other nations While all nations and values are cannot be compared, the range of disparities keep changing from culture to another. The reported low power distance in the United States of America is no surprise. The Americans emphasize on liberty and justice for all the people including both those in leadership and the American natives. This is also shown through the continued emphasis of equal rights in every aspect of the United States leadership and community. Within American organizations, organizational structure is developed for purpose of convenience, leaders are always reachable and managers rely on individual employees and teams for their practices. Managers and employees expect to be discussed in any process that entails critical decisions, and information is interchange within the different levels of leadership and authority. Alongside this, communication is formal, direct and touching all the national levels. Intercultural communication and power distance Although power distance may appear unimportant when moving to a new cultural environment, knowing how it impacts an individual could be of importance (theory of plane crashes).even though power distance may be regarded unnecessary in intercultural communication it is important knowing the best time and best method to converse with one another. The process of transition from one culture demand Saudi Arabia to establish an effective channel that will ensure the power distance is reduced as much as possible. The theory of the plane crash explains in detail why intercultural communication is of importance in dealing with power distance. Conclusion The study clearly demonstrates that different countries have varying degrees of power distance. While countries like U.S.A have the lowest power distance Saudi Arabia reported the highest power distance in the whole world. In summary the research explores the varying diversities of power distance in Saudi Arabia. References Al-Saud, F. S. (2003). Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf: Power politics in transition 1968-1971. London [u.a.: Tauris. Bachrach, P., & Baratz, M. S. (2002). Two faces of power. American political science review, 56(04), 947-952.Castells, M. (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society. International journal of communication, 1(1), 29.In Hopkins, N. S., & In Ibrahim, S. E. (1997). Arab society: Class, gender, power, and development. Pillai, R., Scandura, T. A., & Williams, E. A. (1999). Leadership and organizational justice: Similarities and differences across cultures. Journal of International Business Studies, 763-779. Ronen, S., & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions: A review and synthesis. Academy of management review, 435-454.Visagie, J. (2006). Power, meaning and culture: John Thompson’s depth hermeneutics and the ideological topography of modernity. South African journal of philosophy, 15(2), 73-83. Source document

Nervous Conditions essays

Nervous Conditions essays I found Dangarembgas Nervous Conditions a very enjoyable novel. The narrator and main character Tambu expresses her experiences with colonialism as a child growing up from a poor African community with tremendous correctness and detail. As part of the Shona Village, Tambus life would be predictable because the women of Shona typically display subservient roles to their male counterparts. Tambu is anything but typical. She does not like the way women are treated by simply as caretakers of children and their spouses at an early age and taking the back seat to males. Tambu is determined to be different and make something of herself through her desire to be educated. Tambus relationship with her brother was not surprising. I believe jealousy and envy played a part in how she felt about her brother as he was getting the education she most desired in life. His attitude bothered her as he exhibited a sense of shame for his family having experienced the luxuries of cleanliness, running water, and automobiles. Tambu wanted what he had and as her feelings for her brother diminished her desire to gain an education became even greater. Consequently, she did not feel much loss when her brother died and mainly sympathized with pain of her family. Her commitment towards obtaining an education was very admirable considering the odds she faced as a young female of a large family with little money for education. She fights through the stereotypical ideal that education of females only benefits other families, as protested by her father; and noting that the familys money would be better spent on her successful brother Nhamo. Tambus drive and determination is inspirational the way she grows her own vegetables and sells them in the village of Umtali. Eventually, she receives enough money to support many years of her education at the mission. ...

History of the Former Country of Yugoslavia

History of the Former Country of Yugoslavia With the fall of the Austria-Hungary empire at the end of World War I, the victors threw together a new country which was composed of more than twenty ethnic groups Yugoslavia. Just over seventy years later that piecemeal nation disintegrated and war broke out between seven new states. This overview should help clear up some confusion about whats in place of the former Yugoslavia now. Marshal Tito was able to keep Yugoslavia unified from the formation of the country from 1945 until his death in 1980. At the end of World War II, Tito ousted the Soviet Union and was then excommunicated by Josef Stalin. Due to Soviet blockades and sanctions, Yugoslavia began developing trade and diplomatic relationships with western European governments, even though it was a communist country. After the death of Stalin, relations between the USSR and Yugoslavia improved. Following Titos death in 1980, factions in Yugoslavia became agitated and demanded more autonomy. It was the fall of the USSR in 1991 that finally broke up the jigsaw puzzle of a state. About 250,000 were killed by wars and ethnic cleansing in the new countries of the former Yugoslavia.​ Serbia Austria blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in 1914 which led to the Austrian invasion of Serbia and World War I. Although a rogue state called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was exiled from the United Nations in 1992, Serbia and Montenegro regained recognition on the world stage in 2001 after the arrest of Slobodan Milosevic. In 2003 the country was restructured into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegro Following a referendum, in June 2006, Montenegro and Serbia split into two separate independent countries. The creation of Montenegro as an independent country resulted in Serbia losing their access to the Adriatic Sea. Kosovo The former Serbian province of Kosovo lies just south of Serbia. Past confrontations between ethnic Albanians in Kosovo and ethnic Serbs from Serbia drew world attention to the province, which is 80% Albanian. After many years of struggle, Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in February 2008. Unlike Montenegro, not all the countries of the world have accepted the independence of Kosovo, most notably Serbia and Russia. Slovenia Slovenia, the most homogenous and prosperous region of the Former Yugoslavia, was the first to secede. They have their own language, are mostly Roman Catholic, have compulsory education, and a capital city (Ljubljana) which is a primate city. With a current population of approximately two million, Slovenia avoided violence due to their homogeneity. Slovenia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. Macedonia Macedonias claim to fame is their rocky relationship with Greece due to the use of the name Macedonia. While Macedonia was admitted to the United Nations, it was admitted under the name of The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia because Greece is strongly against the use of the ancient Greek region for any external territory. Of the two million people, about two-thirds are Macedonian and about 27% is Albanian. The capital is Skopje and key products include wheat, corn, tobacco, steel, and iron. Croatia In January 1998, Croatia finally assumed control of their entire territory, some of which had been under the control of Serbs. This also marked the end of a two-year United Nations peacekeeping mission there. Croatias declaration of independence in 1991 caused Serbia to declare war. Croatia is a boomerang-shaped country of four and a half million which has an extensive coastline on the Adriatic Sea, and it almost keeps Bosnia from having any coast at all. The capital of this Roman Catholic state is Zagreb. In 1995, Croatia, Bosnia, and Serbia signed a peace agreement. Bosnia and Herzegovina The virtually landlocked cauldron of conflict of four million inhabitants is composed of about one-half Muslims, one-third Serbs, and just under one-fifth Croats. While the Winter Olympics of 1984 were held in Bosnia-Herzegovinas capital city of Sarajevo, the city and the rest of the country were devastated by war. The mountainous country is trying to rebuild infrastructure since their 1995 peace agreement; they rely on imports for food and materials. Before the war, Bosnia was home to five of Yugoslavias largest corporations. The former Yugoslavia is a dynamic and interesting region of the world which is likely to continue to be the focus of geopolitical struggle and change as the countries work to gain recognition (and membership) in the European Union.

Human Resource Management Mod 5 Case Assignment Essay

Human Resource Management Mod 5 Case Assignment - Essay Example A competitive advantage is achieved through hiring of talented individuals, placing such individuals in appropriate positions and aligning their individual performance with the objectives of the organization (Carraher, Buchanan & Puia, 2010). As a human resource director of a China-US venture, I would like to address the critical issues that need to be addressed in developing, implementing, and evaluating a performance management system within the organization. Developing a performance management system An effective and efficient human resource system within the organization needs to include a wider scope beyond the human resource profession. This is to ensure that the organization learns more about the evolution of other sciences and their influence on the measurement systems. The foundation of our performance management system should be anchored on three factors including efficiency, effectiveness, and impact (Dessler, 2006). The three factors form the basis within which we will be operating our performance management system. Efficiency entails delivering human resource programs that ensure frugal utilization of organizational resources such as funds and time. We should ensure that our performance management system does utilize the minimum possible amount of resources while promising maximum rewards. In order to ensure effectiveness, the performance management system should impact on employees in terms of improving their overall performance. In the case of impact, we should select the greatest pool of employees in terms of talent and include them in the performance management system to ensure the best results. The second step in the development of a performance management system is the development of performance benchmarks. This stage involves aligning the goals of the organization to the best practices of both the Chinese as well as the American human resource industries. This is to ensure that there is incorporation of standards from the two industries for the sake of the diversified employee workforce. The performance benchmarks should be established in terms of employee satisfaction, organizational performance and customer satisfaction (Carraher, Buchanan & Puia, 2010). The goal of our performance management system should be to perform better than the industry benchmarks hence creating a competitive advantage. The third step is the development of data systems and portals that will collect information on employee performance and relay them to the decision making process for evaluation. Organizational information is one of the greatest assets than organization can have hence the need to develop a comprehensive data system. Our organization will make performance evaluations based on facts hence improving its performance management. The fourth and last step is the development of balance scorecards. The scorecard summarizes all the functions of the performance management system and aligns them to the strategic goals of the organization. It also includes the cost implications of the system. The performance management system will be implemented and evaluated using the balance scorecard so as to ensure that the system remains appropriate to the goals of the organization throughout the two stages. Implementing a performance management system Chinese are the dominant in the organization in addition to the fact that the organization is based in China. This implies that the critical

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Economics - Essay Example It is imperative to consider ventures that operate under the minimum dictated scales are not fit to operate in a highly competitive business environment. In summary, Bateman and Chang conclude that the microfinance policy makers fail largely fails in the establishment of registering the vital significance of minimum proficient scales. The financial sector such as the capital markets, banks as well as the micro-finance sectors falls short of supporting long term investments financing for development. The small firms are responsible for the lion’s share of the employment percentages have relentlessly partial access to monetary resources. The rural areas that contain the highest impending potentials for uplifting the low income earners from poverty, these groups are entirely cut off from numerous financing mechanisms. The point of views of the policy-makers is that they necessitate the construction of localized financial schemes densely dominated by the MFIs that establishes more micro-enterprises in a short term period. Microfinance faction row over the fact that collections that include the smallest associations and they are the basic foundations for prolonged enlargement. There is a growing issue that speculates that Africa does not have a confrontational basis regarding the micro-finance policies. The main problem in this case scenario is the fact that the least productive subsistence farms were all have ease to obtain a micro-loan. An increase in the output was not an adequate amount to repay the lump sum accrued interest rates. The micro-finance representation takes no notice of the fallacies of composition. In that, the micro-finance guiding principles make unreasonable mistakes in the times of dealing with paucity in third world countries in the assumption that there are no local demand constraints. In addition, local economies have the elasticity to actively produce and absorb unlimited figures of unemployed individuals through the expansion of loc al business endeavors. Supply is directly proportional to demand and this defines the motivation for the micro-finance institutions to continually deny the small and medium projects the necessary money to cater for their heightened and unrelenting maintenance. The reality is that the budding countries have cost-cutting measures saturated with simplified informal micro-enterprises for a long time. The depiction of the micro-finances also aids in the de-industrialization and infantilizing the restricted economies. Entrepreneurship studies and theories within institutional economics illustrate that it is the establishment of creative, new, technically innovative associations and ideas that provides solutions in fiscal maturity. In this revelation, the third world countries could do with mastering key technologies so as to better apprehend state of the art processes and industrial goods. In comparison, the local micro-enterprises apply simple trading, service and retail operations with minute manufacture-based procedures that have the opportunity to append value. It is noticeable that the institutions enforce courses of action and this means the diminutive businesses are at a loss as they are not capable of handling the high levels of technology that keeps on advancing with each day dawn. Keeping up with these challenges formulates difficulties and complexities in terms of financial upkeep and preservation of the systems.

Business Writing Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Writing Portfolio - Essay Example The schedule of part timer will be completed in one to three weekly shifts. The stores will open an hour later and will close an hour later. The stores will stay close on Sundays. We would like to inform to all our valued customers that there are going be changes in the stores schedule. The store will be closed on Sundays. From Monday to Saturday the store will open an hour earlier and close an hour later. The overall time that the store will be open will stay the same. Writing business communications is very different than writing academic papers. It is much easy to write business communications because in this type of writing one simply has to express direct messages to a particular group of people. Academic writing requires a lot research. Academic writings are typically much more extensive than business memos or communications. Business writing requires technical writing skills, while academic writing requires people to have extensive knowledge of the English

Crime Victim Provisions: An analysis

Crime Victim Provisions: An analysis Critically explore the needs of victims of crime and the services currently provided for them. Include reference to the demands of the victim movement and the limitations of the current criminal justice system. The recent years in the UK and throughout the world has seen the importance and influence of human rights growing. This has had an effect on the law as a whole, but instead of the good of society being protected by statute and common law the individual has come to the forefront, i.e. an individuals rights cannot be derogated unless a set criterion is followed. Therefore this focus on the individual has not only given stricter rules for the courts and police to follow in respect to suspected and convicted criminals, it has also laid an emphasis on the individual victim and the resources, after-care and support, as well the effect on sentencing in respect to criminal cases and restitution or compensation in respect to civil cases. The recent rise of the role of victims in the Criminal Justice system is highly important, which will be identified in the discussion of restorative justice. The role model for incorporating the victim providing restitution and their needs can be seen in Australia within Victorian Criminal Justice System. Therefore this case study is not going to explore not the medical help that victims need and which have been procured, but their search for justice and restitution and compare it to the UKs approach to the victim in the Criminal Justice System. It is here that the victims rights groups are calling for justice, as seen in the recent Home Office Survey of Victims Rights Groups wishes, i.e. a true role for the victim in the Justice system, especially Criminal Justice:To genuinely reflect the needs of victims, the social rights referred to in the paper The social rights of victims of crime should be included in the new Charter, clearly identifying the agencies responsible for delivering them. Restorative Justice: This is the most modern reasoning for sentencing and balances the various elements of the sentencing, such as the victims needs, the rehabilitation of the offender, interests of protecting society. It could be adapted to include public opinion, but in the interests of justice it would need to be informed public opinion because the theory is Rawlsian in nature, which results in a theory from the standpoint of justice. Rawls in his thesis for engendering equality states that justice is the prime basis of all government and to ensure justice, the access to justice for all is the obvious means and end to ensure justice is fulfilled; therefore in the Criminal Justice system this would include the access to justice for the offender, the victim, and the rights for the public to voice their opinion on sentencing of a convicted criminal. Rawls theory is based on a few key ideas, which are the rights and duties of government/institution of society and the burdens and benef its of citizens co-operating. Rawls bases his theory on distributive justice, where inequalities are restrained by the greatest benefit of least advantaged and each person has the condition of fair equality of opportunity. Therefore Rawls would allow for restorative justice but retribution would be unjust, rather aims to rehabilitate and return the perpetrator to society would be appropriate, i.e. in order for the perpetrator to compensate society because if the perpetrator is rehabilitated and educated then society will be benefited. Rawls would argue that there is a role for the victim in the sentencing procedure and for public opinion as long as the perpetrator is not subject to hatred, prejudice and vengeance that would be the fear if public opinion was allowed to take over the proceedings. Rather Rawls would argue there needs to be a balance between the rights of the perpetrator, the publics opinion and its protection and the victims access to justice. There still needs to be the rule of law and objectivity but within the realms of these new considerations. It is possible that the perfect model the Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council has met these obstacles and created a system that allows an ap propriate mixture of these elements. Victorian Sentencing The Victim Role in the Criminal Justice System: The VSAC was set up to ensure that there was just sentencing as well as allowing for the victim to have a sufficient statutory role in the sentencing procedure. This follows ensuring that the victim plays a proper role in respect to the criminal justice system. Yet in order for there not to be retributive and vengeance sentencing and in order to stop tainting of the trial before the judgment the role of the victim is closely monitored. Section 5 of the Sentencing Act 1991 ensures: Just punishment to punish the offender to an extent and in a manner which is just in all of the circumstances; Specific and general deterrence to deter the offender or other persons from committing offences of the same or a similar character; Rehabilitation to establish conditions within which it is considered by the court that the rehabilitation of the offender may be facilitated; Denunciation to denounce the type of conduct engaged in by the offender; Community protection to protect the community from the offender; or a combination of two or more of the above purposes. Therefore this limits the role of the victim and ensures that the defendants rights and the victims rights and community views are balanced. It also allows for informed public opinion to be taken into account in the sentencing procedure. This sentencing procedure takes the views of victims and the public in to account through a thoroughly monitored manner, rather than allowing the press to have a field day and public outcry. The Victorian sentencing procedure allows for the victims views to be taken in the form of an impact statement and this only occurs if the defendant is found guilty, i.e. this system does not allow such views to taint the defendants right to a fair hearing. In addition sentencing is gauged against informed public opinion rather than the outcry of the uneducated or the enraged so that there is a rounder understanding on the effects of the crime on the society and the individual. The British Approach to Victims: The government has always been on the side of the victim it takes on his or her case and seeks to punish the perpetrator but it has no always done so with enough rigour or sensitivity of their needs.Helena Kennedy focuses on the problem with the Criminal Justice System in the UK in respect to the lack of acknowledgment for the victim. In many ways the system is cold to the victim; it forgets there is more than retributive justice. The England and Wales Sentencing Advisory Council is made up of judges and academics, there is no real voice for the victim as in Australia. The only impact statements by the victim are those taken by the police and prosecution, when the victim is in a highly stressful situation. It pervading culture of the UKs system is that a conviction will satisfy the needs of the victim; this is not the case as the VSAC has seen. In many cases the victim needs to know why the crime happened and have the ability to talk the perpetrator . Also this is a method that can help the perpetrator acknowledge the harm done and hopefully rehabilitate the offender, especially in the youth justice system. The UK system has recognized this and in has instituted this as an alternative to imprisonment in the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. The key is the use of restorative justice, the approach taken in Australia, which is understanding and balancing the needs of the perpetrator and the victim. The problem in the UK is that on some levels it recognizes the need for this balance, but on others especially in the recent wakes of the terrorist attacks to forget about justice and civil liberties in order to have to power to punish anyone who may be a threat. It has followed the media frenzy of the US and forgotten about justice. The victim no longer figures in such approaches but the needs of the state. In order to satisfy the victims needs there needs to be an inclusive role, such as answers, apologies, informing the offe nder of the impact of their crimes on innocent people, crime prevention and restitution. This is harder in respect to serious crimes, but sometimes the reasons for the actions of the perpetrator not only help the victim to reconcile their experiences but it also ensures that the government understands the reasoning for certain crimes and make the perpetrator understand the impact of their crimes. Therefore the role of the victim in the Criminal Justice System is more than just attending a court room but can play a role in understanding and preventing crime. The VSAC has understood this problem and has introduced impact statements, as well as more diverse advisory panel and the influence of informed public opinion; rather than the pick n mix that the UKs government is taking whenever it suits the needs of the state. This approach was verbalized by John Major during his leadership as condemn more and understand less but as Helena Kennedy argues the victims of crime, their desire is often to understand why a criminal acted as they did. Conclusion: The objective approach that the VSAC makes it very hard for the press to create witch hunts and put pressure on the court to impose an unjust sentence in favour of perceived public opinion; rather the specific victims of the crime are taken into account. This objective approach halts and the fears that the courts will become a place for the media based witch hunts are stopped and justice for the victim is considered at the same time as balancing the justice for the defendant. This creates a unique approach to criminal justice and possibly a way forward for ensuring that victims do gain a voice, without the witch hunts that have been seen recently in the US, especially those held in Guatanamo Bay. Also the UK system which is on the brink of following the US should heed the fears of those in the UK justice system against the media/witch hunt approach and follow the approach the VSAC and subsequent jurisdictions in Australia have taken, which is to balance the criminal justice between the public opinion, the victim and the defendent in an objective manner as Justice Badgery-Parker states: [T]he need which the criminal justice system exists to fulfil is the need to interpose between the victim and the criminal an objective instrumentality which, while recognising the seriousness of the crime from the victims point of view and, in the case of murder, the magnitude of the loss which the victims family and friends have sustained, attempts to serve a range of community interests which include but go beyond notions merely of retribution. In order to do this there needs to be easy access to forums and practioners from the Criminal Justice system in order to stress the different reasoning behind sentencing procedures, as well as Victims AND Offenders rights groups in the UK. Bibliography: R G Fox, 1995, Victorian Criminal Procedure: State and Federal Monash Law Book Co-operative Freiberg, 2001,Sentencing Options, Sentencing Review 2001Discussion Paper Freiberg, 2002, Pathways to Justice Sentencing Review 2002 Discussion Paper Graycar Morgan, 2005, Law Reform Whats in it for Women, Windsor Yearbook on Access to Justice Volume 23 Home Office, 2001, Review of the Victims Charter: Summary of Responses can be found at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs/vcreviewvictims.html Helena Kennedy, 2004, Just Law, Vintage BooksJohn Rawls, The Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971) Rawls J., Justice as Fairness: a restatement, (E. Kelly Ed) (2001, Cambridge Mass, Harvard University press) Ridge, M. 2003 Giving the dead their due Ethics 114: 38-59. Sentencing Advisory Council, About Sentencing Principles and Purposes, can be found at: http://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/CA256F82000D281D/page/About+Sentencing?OpenDocument1=20-About+Sentencing~2=~3=~

Essay --

As many people know, Kurt Cobain was lead singer and guitar player for the grunge band, Nirvana (Russomanno, Tony). There is truth behind the lyrics and tone of Cobain’s music. It takes people into the depths of what was really occurring behind closed doors. Cobain struggled with many adversities such as heroin, chronic stomach pains, drinking, and pills (Cobain, Kurt). Cobain, however; he did not deal with his adversities well. He was actually unable to ever overcome them. As a child, Cobain was involved in positive activities. â€Å"He participated in Little League Baseball when he was young. Cobain also spent a majority of his time with his only full-blooded sister, Kim, who was born in 1971† (Cobain, Kurt). During his childhood, Cobain often had to listen to his parents consistently fight and argue. He knew they were unhappy with each other, but he did not want them to divorce. â€Å"When Cobain turned nine, his parents finally divorced.† The divorce ultimately devoured Cobain and changed his outlook on life (Goldman, David). â€Å"After the divorce, Cobain’s father got remarried to a woman named Jenny. Cobain really felt a hatred and despise towards his step mother† (Cobain, Kurt). â€Å"He had felt that his father had always taken sides with her, and barely paid attention to him or his sister.† These issues with Cobain and his step mother also raised issues between Cobain and his father† (Cobain, Kurt). Cobain was not interested in school during his childhood. In fact, he hated going to school because he felt lonely and lost in the world. While Cobain attended high school, he participated in events such as art and music (Russomanno, Tony). He enjoyed painting and singing. During Cobain’s Jr. High and High school career he did not have to... ... still carries in her possession ( Grant, Tom). Cobain was a very famous rockstar who struggled greatly in life. He had many adversities such as heroin, alcohol, and chronic stomach pains. He dealt with his adversity of chronic stomach pain by doing drugs and drinking heavily. He did use his fame to positively advocate for those who were considered minorities. He married Courtney Love and had a daughter named Frances Bean. Cobain made many great hits during his career and soared music charts with songs known as â€Å"Lithium†, â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit†, â€Å"Heart Shaped Box†, and â€Å"All Apologies†. Even after death, Cobain's life carried on in his fans, clothing companies, movie companies and more. Sadly, Cobain was unable to overcome his adversities and committed suicide in April of 1994. Speaking his last words to the world, â€Å"It’s better to burn out, than to fade away..†

Political party in france

General Introduction The Parties have become a major player In politics In the late nineteenth century. The functioning of political regimes is deeply committed to the existence of these political parties that did not exist in the eighteenth century and were still embryonic in the early nineteenth century. In the totalitarian, one-party organizing manipulation. This explains the importance of parties in this type of regime.The importance of parties is also true In pluralist democracies because there Is a democratic competition : intention between political parties that compete for the conquest of Institutions and power. As the parties have a monopoly of electoral offer, they effectively control all elected offices, this means that the party has a virtual monopoly on the selection of leaders. For all these reasons, if we want to understand how liberal democracies work, one must understand how a political party works. What is a political party?A political party is an organized associat ion that brings together citizens united by a common Ideology or philosophy, which she seeks fulfillment , with the goal of inquest and exercise of power. This Is an organization In the service of an Idea. The political environment is not the same everywhere. It may give a different country to another characteristic of a locality to another. These characteristics result in particular the diversity of political parties, but also systems of parties that are not uniform. In France, the role of political parties has been enshrined in the Constitution of 1 958 (art. 4), which since 1999 also gives their mission Is to promote equal access for women and men to electoral mandates and elective functions. Law f 11 March 1988 on the financing of political parties said they form and pursue their activities freely, they are endowed with legal personality and can take legal action. ) The French political system can often seem bewildering and difficult to follow. Compared to Britain or the ASSAI, France seems to have a plethora of political parties.Politicians, supposedly of the political right, may be heard defending positions more often held by political parties of the left in many other countries, and In recent French history, a good proportion of the economic liberation's that has taken place In France has been pushed through by governments of the left. ‘-Type of political parties In a country, political parties are not all identical. Several factors can help to distinguish the number and quality of members, voting, discipline or schools of thought.Depending on each element, we will have several types of parties. The most common distinction In political science remains that which Is established by Maurice Diverge between Mass Party and Cadre Party. We must therefore distinguish different types of parties: A- The Cadre Party The Cadre Party was born in the nineteenth century. The Cadre Party it's a parties they are parties of notables (resulting in a first time, the bourgeoisie or aristocracy) and traditionally are right or center. Example: the Radical Party in France.The first parties were historically Cadre Parties. It was Initially parliamentary groups together the reputation, prestige, and sometimes money. All these parties remain poorly structured. The authority is exercised within the party executive is both personal and decentralized. It normally operates at the district and national bodies cadre parties are little more than the Juxtaposition of local influences. B- The Mass Party The Mass Party was born in the early twentieth century with the development of Socialism and Communism.Their goal is the transformation of society and the creation of a new social order. For this, they rely on a structured and hierarchical organization and a large number of members and ensuring financial autonomy and supervision of party voters ; Example: the Socialist Party in France Unlike Cadre Parties, which are created spontaneously, Mass Parties were the result of a conscious . Notable party executives are reluctant to defend extreme positions, specially if they are contrary to their interest.These considerations explain the emergence in the late nineteenth century Mass Parties and the fact that the first of them were socialist parties. Two objectives necessitate the creation of a Mass Party: compensation by the number of low social influence of the proletariat and educational purposes. The operation of the Mass Party rigorously apply democratic principles. Members are similar to the electorate. They elect delegates to the congress who meet regularly and take the most important decisions: adoption and amendment of the statutes, election management bodies.

The Stigma Of Hiv Aids Health And Social Care Essay

This reappraisal aims to show the contested nature of biomedical and laic constructs of wellness and mending underpinning Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) and its stigma. Due to the wideness of the topic the reappraisal will merely be restricted to HIV/AIDS and stigma in relation to the interactions between Peoples Populating with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHA ) and the wellness structures that supply them with bar and intervention services. Literature and stuffs from different published beginnings would be reviewed and analysed, followed by a critical comparative analysis of the key contested constructs of wellness as applied to HIV/AIDS and stigma, eventually reasoning with an interface of the two theoretical accounts. HIV/AIDS is one of the challenges to human life and self-respect. It affects all degrees of society and has a monolithic impact on planetary economic and societal development, ( Rowden, 2009 ) . Surveies have been conducted on its impact on human life and how it could be controlled. This reappraisal was conducted by researching literature from a assortment of beginnings for published articles on HIV/AIDS and its stigma. Literature from research covering a period of 8 old ages from 2002-2010 was extracted from Assia, PubMed, Sage, British Medical Journal, Cochrane and Absco-host, and reviewed for the survey, aims, methodological analysis and cardinal findings. Relevant books, diaries, paperss and studies from administrations such as UNAIDS, and the World Bank were besides reviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative information was used to show the information. Despite confronting a batch of unfavorable judgment on its top-down attack, the biomedical theoretical account remains the dominant construct in wellness and unwellness. Its credibleness lies on its scientific methods and expert cognition used to name or understand unwellness and intervention. This theoretical account views the organic structure as a machine composed of different parts working together for it to work. If one portion is non working decently, the purpose is to happen what is incorrect with it through diagnosing and repair it by ordering medical specialty, ( Taylor & A ; Hawley 2010:12 ) . Focus is hence restricted to the physical unwellness of an person ‘s organic structure and the scientific apprehension of disease, doing the attack to a great extent based on pharmacological medicine. While pharmacological medicine is good in the intervention and bar of HIV/AIDS, it is criticised for advancing the privilege of the biomedical theoretical account, farther heighten ing undermining of alternate attacks to wellness and healing. The biomedical attack may be inappropriate to some communities and create feelings of weakness and exposure hence impacting the success of the intercession. ( Global Health Watch, 2008, Farmer, 1999 ) . Lay constructs of wellness and unwellness are diverse and complex than those of the medical theoretical account. They focus on people ‘s experiences of wellness and unwellness in relation to their overall life experiences and are embedded within local societal and cultural constructions. Unlike in the biomedical attack, autochthonal attacks seek to mend the whole individual by associating the unwellness with the individual ‘s societal and economic background, ( Taylor, 2003 ) . However critics of this theoretical account argue that ballad constructs are hard to grounds and research hence they remain marginalised and barely recognised as legitimate cognition, ( Taylor & A ; Hawley, 2010:13 ) . On the contrary, Taylor, ( 2003 ) argues that ballad position is important cognition for public wellness as it identifies roots of unwellnesss for possible long term bar and intervention for the larger population as comparison to separately focussed intercessions. Influence of power systems such as the laterality of the medical theoretical account hinder advancement on bars and intervention of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and stigma as they govern relationships between wellness constructions and laic people. Goffman, ( 1990 ) , and Parker and Aggleton, ( 2003 ) , ‘s theories of stigma in assisting us to understand how stigma is constructed and its influence in peoples ‘ lives view stigma and favoritism as functional systems which maintain boundaries between those in power and those without. Through such power, societal inequalities are developed taking to creative activity of societal norms. These formulate stigma by regulating interactions between people and reenforce power constructions that serve to keep control of the powerless, ( Farmer, 2005 ) . Both theories have been widely used in HIV related stigma to foreground how bias, negative attitudes, maltreatment and ill-treatment directed towards PLWHA have hindered the advancement of bar and intervention. Research high spots that stigma and favoritism in wellness attention scenes deducing from societal power instabilities contribute a great trade in maintaining people off from accessing HIV/AIDS intervention and attention. Patients felt greatly affected by wellness workers experiencing uncomfortable with them and handling them in an inferior mode. In Tanzania, some discriminatory and stigmatised patterns such as dish the dirting about patients ‘ HIV ‘s position, disregard, verbal maltreatment, proving and unwraping HIV ‘s position without consent were noted, ( D.C Synergy, 2005 ) . Similarly in India, wellness workers were unwraping patients ‘ HIV position to their households without patients ‘ consent, ( Mahedra et, Al, 2007 ) . Harassment, avoiding and isolation of HIV-positive patients and proving without reding are common characteristics of stigmatization in most surveies. Some wellness workers wore protective vesture even if there was no physical con tact during interactions. Fear of being identified as infected with HIV besides influenced people to protract proving for HIV and merely accessed services when their unwellness was at an advanced phase, ( Bond and Aggleton, 2002 ; Kinsler et Al, 2007 ; Varga et Al 2006 ; Kalichman and Simbayi, 2003 ) . In Zambia, HIV-positive wellness workers were concealing their Hiv position from their co-workers in fright of being stigmatised, ( Dieleman et al, 2007 ) . While most of the literature on HIV/AIDS and entree to wellness services is negative, there is grounds of the value of supportive and de-stigmatising HIV services in some parts of the Earth. Brazil has been hailed as a theoretical account by PLWHA. They reported supportive inclusive structural systems that create healthy environments that promote active engagement of different groups in society and the authorities, ( Caltado, 2008 ) . In South Africa where most people believe in traditional healing, Aids Activism has made a positive significance in HIV/AIDS bar and intervention by interpreting and interceding the biomedical attack within local ideological models which are easy understood and acted on by the locals, ( Colvin, Robins, 2010 ) . Literature reveals that collaboration between ballad positions and biomedical attack is indispensable for successful control of HIV/AIDS and stigma. There is no remedy for AIDS but Anti-retrovirals ( ARVs ) can protract life by take downing degrees of HIV in the organic structure hence detaining the procedure between HIV and AIDS, ( Robin, 2009 ) . Although ARVs are now readily available in most states, Numberss of freshly infected people are lifting. Harmonizing to the World Bank, 60 million people are populating with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Access to intervention has increased dramatically but for every 100 people on intervention, 250 become freshly infected, ( World Bank, 2010 ) . As such, force per unit area is now lifting on the effectivity of merely trusting on the biomedical attack for intervention and attention of HIV/AIDS. While ballad positions are considered effectual, this can non be confirmed as true with HIV/AIDS attention. In South Africa, despite people to a great extent trusting on traditional healing attacks, HIV prevalence continued to lift. Significance towards effectual control of the epidemic has been noted with the addition in handiness of ARV ‘s, ( Colvin, 2009 ) . In the UNAIDS Report On The Global AIDS Epidemic 2010, in 7 states, five of them in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV incidences increased by more than 25 % between 2001 and 2009. Sub Saharan Africa, although still staying the most extremely affected by the epidemic, figures either stabilised or showed marks of diminution owing to positive behavior due to increased services that are embedded in local civilization. The study affirms that stigma and favoritism, deficiency of entree to services and bad Torahs can do the epidemic worse, ( UNAIDS, 2010 ) . Due to the challenges presented by HIV/AIDS to planetary public wellness, Baum. ( 2008:241 ) calls for corporate engagement of all sectors in the battle against this deathly disease. She asserts that community degree mobilization where there is partnership between ballad people and constructions is the effectual manner of battling HIV/AIDS and stigma. This is farther supported by Farmer, ( 1999:90 ) , who does non excuse the laterality of the biomedical position in wellness and healing. He believes that ballad people have a important function in the procedure of wellness betterments and accents on the importance understanding ballad people ‘s experiences as indispensable cognition for successful intercessions. He holds that wellness attention services should be accessible to PLWHA without fright of being stigmatised. Educating wellness attention professionals about the impact of stigma on patients and policies that encourage inclusion of PLWHA in determinations that affect thei r lives are some of the cardinal factors of efficaciously undertaking the epidemic. Parker and Aggleton, ( 2003 ) besides claim corporate engagement between ballad people and wellness constructions as cardinal to successful anti-stigma services. Relationships between wellness constructions and PLWHA could besides be improved by prosecuting ballad people through protagonism. The Greater Involvement of PLWHA, ( GIPA ) rule emphasises the demand for engagement of PLWHA at all degrees in battling HIV/AIDS because they understand their state of affairs better. Therefore their voices could be heard good if their demands were presented by people in the same state of affairs, ( UNAIDS, 2007 ) . In the Zambia survey, professionals populating with HIV/AIDS are in a better place to recommend for people accessing services. Baum, ( 2008:550 ) affirms that advocacy affecting public wellness practicians is an effectual manner of act uponing structural barriers in public wellness. Literature has highlighted the contested nature of constructs of wellness and mending underpinning entree to services supplying intervention and bar of HIV/AIDS and its stigma. The biomedical attack conceptualises wellness and unwellness through scientific discipline and expertness with focal point on the person. Lay concepts position wellness and healing as embedded within local societal and cultural constructions and hence seek to turn to public wellness for a wider population. Literature suggests that neither attack in isolation is effectual in bar and attention for HIV/AIDS. Arguments have centred on the importance of coaction of the theoretical accounts. Therefore there is demand for intercession programmes to develop holistic attacks that are underpinned by the two theoretical accounts but it is besides of import to understanding each of the constructs in its ain right.